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License-plate readers · Tulare County

Tulare County

Using license-plate readers · 1 agency documented

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Visalia Police Department

Status
Using license-plate readers
Vendors
Flock Safety, Axon
Cameras
13
13 Flock ALPR cameras operational as of Dec. 20, 2024, per the department's Sept. 21, 2026 council presentation. The September 2026 JAG item funds nine more fixed Flock cameras; no count after that was found. Separately, Axon in-car ALPR licenses (134 in the 2023 contract, 23 more in 2024) are software licenses, not fixed cameras.
Contract
Flock Safety: $300,000 four-year total · approved by Visalia City Council Oct. 21, 2024 · Four-year sole-source contract for Flock fixed ALPR (File 24-0415). Legistar shows the item on the Oct. 21, 2024 agenda but records no vote; the department's 2026 timeline says council awarded it on that date. (City of Visalia (Legistar), Oct. 21, 2024; City of Visalia / Visalia Police Department, Sept. 21, 2026)
Contract
Flock Safety: $46,489 grant appropriation · approved by Visalia City Council Sept. 21, 2026 · 2025 federal JAG grant accepted and appropriated to fund nine fixed Flock ALPR cameras (File 26-0110). (City of Visalia (Legistar), Sept. 21, 2026)
Contract
Axon: $374,414 five-year total · Sole-source five-year Axon service contract for 134 ALPR software licenses (File 22-0463, agenda of March 6, 2023); a second $11,885 contract covered one mobile audio/video system. Legistar records no vote. (City of Visalia (Legistar), March 6, 2023)
Contract
Axon: $410,010 amended not-to-exceed · Amendment raising the Axon contract to a not-to-exceed $410,010 to add 23 ALPR software licenses (File 24-0034, agenda of Dec. 16, 2024). Legistar records no vote. (City of Visalia (Legistar), Dec. 16, 2024)
Data sharing
The department's Sept. 21, 2026 council presentation lists network sharing with 306 law enforcement agencies (338 camera networks) and says it shares only with California agencies (ca4-visalia-ppt-2026). It points to a Flock transparency portal at transparency.flocksafety.com/visalia-ca-pd, which could not be opened.
  1. Nov. 6, 2023 Per the department's timeline, the City Council accepted a 2023 JAG grant and approved funds to buy ALPR cameras. (City of Visalia / Visalia Police Department, Sept. 21, 2026)
  2. Dec. 20, 2024 Per the department's timeline, 13 ALPR cameras were operating. (City of Visalia / Visalia Police Department, Sept. 21, 2026)
  3. Jan. 21, 2025 Per the department's timeline, the council accepted the 2024 JAG grant to keep funding Flock. (City of Visalia / Visalia Police Department, Sept. 21, 2026)
  4. Sept. 21, 2026 The council voted 3-1 to accept $46,489 in 2025 JAG funds for nine more Flock fixed cameras. Aye: Brian Poochigian (motion), Liz Wynn (second), Brett Taylor; No: Emmanuel Hernandez Soto. (City of Visalia (Legistar), Sept. 21, 2026)
  5. Sept. 21, 2026 The police presentation to council said Flock data is kept 30 days unless tied to a case (and noted Flock had recently cut its standard retention to 7 days), that the department does not use Flock Live cameras, that searches are audited weekly, and that it shares only with California agencies (306 agencies, 338 camera networks). It reported 6,495 stolen-plate alerts in 2025 and 4,819 in 2026 to date, and 84 Flock-associated stolen-vehicle arrests in 2025. (City of Visalia / Visalia Police Department, Sept. 21, 2026)
Conflicts and open questions
  • The 2026 presentation's alert table is ambiguous about which figures belong to 2025 versus 2026; the 6,495 / 2,356 split and 84 stolen-vehicle arrests in 2025 are read from slide 14 and should be rechecked against the original.
  • Legistar lists four recorded votes on the Sept. 21, 2026 item (three aye, one no); absent members are not shown.

From agency records.

Statewide

  1. Jan. 1, 2016 SB 34 (Statutes of 2015, Chapter 532), codified at Civil Code section 1798.90.5 and following, took effect. It requires ALPR operators and end users to keep a usage and privacy policy, log access, and share ALPR information only with public agencies. The Attorney General reads 'public agency' to exclude out-of-state and federal agencies. (California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General, Oct. 27, 2023)
  2. Feb. 13, 2020 The California State Auditor released report 2019-118 on the Fresno Police Department, LAPD, Marin County Sheriff's Office and Sacramento County Sheriff's Office. It found none of the four audited staff searches of ALPR images, three of the four shared images without first checking the recipient's right and need to know, and 70 percent of surveyed agencies ran or planned to run ALPR. It recommended a state model policy and a maximum retention period set in law. (California State Auditor, Feb. 13, 2020)
  3. Oct. 27, 2023 The Attorney General's Division of Law Enforcement issued Information Bulletin 2023-DLE-06, telling state and local agencies that SB 34 bars sharing ALPR information with out-of-state and federal agencies, with model policy guidance. (California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General, Oct. 27, 2023; California Office of the Attorney General, Oct. 3, 2025)
  4. April 2, 2024 Gov. Gavin Newsom announced a California Highway Patrol contract with Flock Safety for about 480 cameras: about 290 on Oakland surface streets and 190 on East Bay state highways, with a 28-day retention period. (Office of Governor Gavin Newsom, April 2, 2024)
  5. June 18, 2025 CalMatters and The Markup reported, from a search log obtained by Oakland Privacy covering April 28 to May 30, 2025, that 10 agencies, nine in Southern California and six in Los Angeles County, ran searches for ICE, including LAPD; the Orange and San Diego County sheriffs ran searches for Border Patrol. Riverside County logged four 'hsinvest' searches but said they were narcotics cases. (The Markup / CalMatters, June 18, 2025)
  6. Oct. 2025 Gov. Newsom vetoed SB 274, which would have required deletion of some ALPR data after 60 days, officer training, documented case reasons for searches and random Department of Justice audits. His veto message said the 60-day limit could impede investigations, particularly cold cases. (CalMatters, Oct. 3, 2025)
  7. Oct. 3, 2025 Attorney General Rob Bonta filed a petition for a writ of mandate in San Diego County Superior Court against the City of El Cajon, its police department and Chief Jeremiah Larson, alleging the department shared ALPR data with agencies in 26 other states in violation of SB 34. The AG's office said it had contacted 18 agencies about possible violations since 2024. (California Office of the Attorney General, Oct. 3, 2025; CalMatters, Oct. 3, 2025)
  8. Nov. 24, 2025 CHP Commissioner Sean Duryee wrote to Flock Safety CEO Garrett Langley that data from CHP's Flock cameras may not be shared with federal officials, citing the contract's bar on sharing outside California. (KTVU FOX 2, Nov. 24, 2025)
  9. Jan. 2026 The Attorney General filed a motion in California v. City of El Cajon asking the court to order the city to stop sharing ALPR data with out-of-state agencies; the AG said the data reached more than 100 agencies outside California. A hearing was set for Feb. 13, 2026. No ruling was found in sources checked as of Oct. 17, 2026. (California Office of the Attorney General, Jan. 21, 2026; NBC 7 San Diego, Jan. 22, 2026; NBC 7 San Diego, Feb. 8, 2026)
  10. Aug. 31, 2026 SB 1013 (Cervantes), similar to the vetoed SB 274, passed the Senate but did not receive an Assembly floor vote before the session ended; CalMatters reported Assembly Majority Leader Cecilia Aguiar-Curry held it. CalMatters counted this as the fifth straight year without new ALPR rules; nearly 40 law enforcement agencies and unions opposed the bill. (CalMatters (republished by LAist), Sept. 3, 2026; CalMatters Digital Democracy, date not shown)
  11. Oct. 2026 A Santa Clara County Superior Court judge dismissed a challenge to San Jose's ALPR network, rejecting claims that warrantless searches of ALPR data violate the state constitution's privacy and search provisions (outside this researcher's counties; recorded as statewide legal context). (San Jose Spotlight (republished by Local News Matters), Oct. 7, 2026)

State agencies

California Highway Patrol

Status
Using license-plate readers
Vendors
Flock Safety, Vendor not named in source
Cameras
Count not documented
No statewide count found. The 2024 East Bay contract covers about 480 Flock cameras (about 290 Oakland streets, 190 East Bay highways); CHP also runs mobile ALPR on patrol vehicles under General Order 81.1.
Data sharing
CHP's contract with Flock bars sharing with the federal government or any entity outside California, per the commissioner's Nov. 2025 letter (ca1-ktvu-chp-letter). Vehicle Code 2413 bars making data available to non-law-enforcement agencies or individuals.
  1. Oct. 2020 General Order 81.1 (revised October 2020) sets CHP's ALPR rules: mobile ALPR data is kept 60 days and then purged, access is limited to personnel with an investigative need, and ALPR use is reported each year in the auto theft report to the Legislature. (California Highway Patrol, Oct. 2020)
  2. Oct. 2020 Vehicle Code 2413 limits CHP retention of plate-reader data to 60 days except for evidence or felony investigations, bars selling the data, and limits its use to locating vehicles or people suspected in a public offense. (California Legislature (via california.public.law), date not shown)
  3. Feb. 8, 2024 The Oaklandside reported CHP would run Oakland's 300-camera Flock network funded by a $1.2 million state loan; CHP keeps data 60 days while Oakland and Flock agreed to 30. (The Oaklandside, Feb. 8, 2024)
  4. April 2, 2024 The governor's office announced the CHP-Flock contract for about 480 cameras in Oakland and the East Bay with 28-day retention. (Office of Governor Gavin Newsom, April 2, 2024)
  5. Nov. 24, 2025 The CHP commissioner told Flock in writing that CHP camera data cannot be shared with federal officials. (KTVU FOX 2, Nov. 24, 2025)
Conflicts and open questions
  • Retention differs by source: 60 days (GO 81.1, mobile ALPR; Vehicle Code 2413 cap), 28 days (governor's release on the East Bay Flock network), 60 days (Oaklandside on CHP practice). These may describe different systems.
  • No CHP Flock deployment in the ten southern counties was found; not checked through CHP contract records (searches exhausted).

From agency records.