Utility companies and data center backers gave Byron Donalds $2.7 million.
Project Tango’s expansion was denied; a smaller plan went through without a hearing. This File follows every Florida data center project on record, the money the companies behind them and the utilities that would power them gave in the 2026 governor’s race, and what happened to each project. The records show both. They do not show that one caused the other.
22 projects on record. No Florida campus has a named hyperscale tenant.
Fort Meade is the only gigawatt-scale campus with local approval, and it waits on a water permit. Most large proposals were withdrawn, denied or frozen by local moratoriums in 2026. No campus is publicly tied to Microsoft, Amazon, Google, Meta, Oracle, OpenAI or another hyperscale company. (WUSF, April 15, 2026; Tampa Bay Times via GovTech, Feb. 26, 2026)
Dot positions are approximate, from the reported address or area. “None found” means our statewide review of news, trackers and county records found nothing; it is not proof none exists.
| DCIP AI campus | DeSoto | DCIP Group (CEO Jon Brown) | 4,000 | Approved | March 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| Fort Meade campus | Polk | Stonebridge (Bethesda, Md.); Fort Meade LLC (shares Stonebridge’s address) | 1,200 | Approved | April 14, 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| Sentinel Grove Technology Park | St. Lucie | Timberline Real Estate Partners; HJA Design Studio | 1,000 | Withdrawn | Feb. 26, 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| Silver Fox Road proposal | Martin | Silver Fox 606 LLC (Juno Beach) | 1,000 | Withdrawn | April 29, 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| Cielo Haines City | Polk | Cielo Digital Infrastructure (Texas) | 300 | Stalled | June 25, 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| Atlas Compute Fort Pierce | St. Lucie | Atlas Compute (Miami) | 240 | Proposed | March 12, 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| Project Swan | Polk | Ryan Companies (Tyler Lohmiller) | 100 | Paused by moratorium | Aug. 3, 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| HostDime global headquarters | Orange | HostDime; Robins & Morton (construction manager, 2019) | 20 | Under construction | Sept. 16, 2026 | Under 50 MW |
| Double Branch proposal | Pasco | Not named | 19.9 | Paused by moratorium | July 14, 2026 | Under 50 MW |
| Iron Mountain MIA-1 | Miami-Dade | Iron Mountain; Brasfield & Gorrie (general contractor) | 16 | Under construction | Aug. 8, 2025 | Under 50 MW |
| Metrobloks MIA-MB01 | Miami-Dade | Metrobloks (Los Angeles) | 15.2 | Under construction | July 17, 2026 | Under 50 MW |
| Project Apollo | Miami-Dade | Not disclosed (team with past work for Amazon, Meta and Iron Mountain) | 15 | Proposed | Dec. 3, 2024 | Under 50 MW |
| DC Blox Palm Coast | Flagler | DC Blox / Tarpon Services | 10 | Under construction | March 26, 2026 | Under 50 MW |
| Okee-One | Okeechobee | Indian River State College | 10 | Denied | April 23, 2026 | Under 50 MW |
| Holder Industrial Park expansion | Citrus | Deltona Corp. | — | Withdrawn | June 23, 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| Kenansville hyperscale site listing | Osceola | CBRE (listing broker); owner not stated | — | Site zoned or marketed | Sept. 29, 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| NextNRG site | Nassau | NextNRG (Miami) | — | Proposed | Sept. 22, 2025 | 50 MW+ |
| Project Tango | Palm Beach | PBA Holdings, Inc.; WPB Logistics Owner, LLC (owns ~60 acres; rival plan) | — | Approved | Oct. 7, 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| Stellaris Data Centers campus | Pasco | Stellaris Data Centers | — | Proposed | Aug. 11, 2026 | Under 50 MW |
| Tesoro Groves PUD (FPL) | Martin | Florida Power & Light | — | Site zoned or marketed | April 30, 2026 | 50 MW+ |
| XF Group inquiry | Sarasota | XF Group | — | Inquiry only | July 8, 2026 | Under 50 MW |
| “Fishbowl” micro data center | Miami-Dade | ReadySetFundGrow | — | Under construction | July 17, 2026 | Under 50 MW |
Select a heading to sort. Small projects (under 50 MW) are outside the tracker’s main scope and kept for completeness.
- Operating
- Built and serving customers.
- Under construction
- Building permits issued or construction reported under way.
- Approved
- A government body has approved land use, zoning or a development agreement for data center use. Other permits may still be pending.
- Proposed
- An application, announcement or public proposal exists; no approval yet.
- Site zoned or marketed
- Land zoned or marketed for possible data center use; no project filed.
- Paused by moratorium
- A local moratorium or ban blocks new applications or approvals.
- Stalled
- No formal application, or blocked by a missing permit or utility capacity.
- Inquiry only
- A developer asked local officials about a site; nothing was filed.
- Withdrawn
- The developer withdrew its application or proposal.
- Denied
- A government body voted it down.
Local moratoriums and bans
| Volusia County | Ban (pending) | Oct. 6, 2026 | First reading Oct. 6; final hearing Oct. 20, 2026. (Spectrum News 13, Oct. 6, 2026) |
| Palm Beach County | Moratorium | Sept. 24, 2026 | Up to one year, 6-0; covers 50 MW or more of peak load, site-wide; applications deemed sufficient earlier proceed. (CBS12 (WPEC), Sept. 24, 2026; WLRN, Aug. 27, 2026) |
| Orange County | Moratorium (proposed) | Sept. 14, 2026 | Proposed temporary ban. (Orlando Weekly, Sept. 14, 2026) |
| Hillsborough County | Ordinance (deferred) | Aug. 6, 2026 | Drafting; deferred until SB 180 (2025) expires Oct. 1, 2027. (Business Observer, Aug. 6, 2026) |
| Hernando County | Pause (reported) | Aug. 4, 2026 | Named in a WUSF headline among counties pausing data centers; details not reported. (WUSF, Aug. 4, 2026) |
| Lakeland | Moratorium | Aug. 3, 2026 | One year, 4-3; bars city utility service. (LkldNow via WUSF, Aug. 3, 2026) |
| DeSoto County | Moratorium | July 28, 2026 | One year, 4-0 with one recusal; exempts DCIP's pending rezonings. (Suncoast Searchlight, July 29, 2026) |
| Manatee County | Moratorium (voted to pursue) | July 28, 2026 | Commissioners voted unanimously July 28 for a moratorium of up to one year; the ordinance still needed hearings. (WUSF, Aug. 4, 2026) |
| Escambia County | Ban (resolution) | July 23, 2026 | Resolution that data centers are not permitted. (WUWF, July 24, 2026) |
| Santa Rosa County | Ban | July 23, 2026 | 12 months. (WUWF, July 24, 2026) |
| Leon County | Moratorium | July 14, 2026 | 18 months. (WCTV, July 15, 2026; WFSU Public Media, July 14, 2026) |
| Pasco County | Moratorium | July 14, 2026 | One year, unanimous, retroactive to May 27, 2026. (Tampa Bay Beacons, July 20, 2026) |
| Sarasota County | Moratorium | July 8, 2026 | Hyperscale data centers blocked to at least July 2027. (Sarasota Magazine / Suncoast Searchlight, July 10, 2026) |
| Lake County | Moratorium (directed) | June 23, 2026 | Commissioners unanimously directed staff to draft a one-year moratorium in unincorporated Lake County; adoption not yet confirmed. (Hoodline, July 6, 2026) |
| Jackson County | Ban | June 23, 2026 | Ordinance banning data centers (WJHG headline only; article not retrieved). (WJHG, May 25, 2026) |
| Zephyrhills | Moratorium | June 8, 2026 | City council approved a moratorium on data center development; WUSF reports one year. (Bay News 9, June 9, 2026; WUSF, June 24, 2026) |
| Nassau County | Moratorium (hearings) | June 8, 2026 | Commissioners directed a draft 12-month moratorium on new applications; hearings were set for May 11 and June 8, 2026. Adoption not yet confirmed. (Hoodline, April 15, 2026) |
| Citrus County | Moratorium (drafting) | May 2026 | Drafting began May 2026. (Hoodline, May 14, 2026) |
Jacksonville’s utility, JEA, says it lacks power and water capacity for a hyperscale campus; Hillsborough had no active applications; Alachua’s comprehensive plan does not allow large data centers. (News4JAX, Oct. 7, 2026; Business Observer, Aug. 6, 2026; Alachua County, June 9, 2026)
$1,775,000 came from three Florida electric utilities and their parent companies. $791,000 came from companies behind four data center proposals, and $100,000 from one company’s executive.
| Donor and tie to data centers | Project | To Donalds | Contributions |
|---|---|---|---|
| NextEra Energy Capital Holdings Parent of Florida Power & Light, the utility the Project Tango applicant says it has a power agreement with; FPL also land-banked 5,722 acres in Indiantown. | Project Tango, Tesoro Groves PUD (FPL) | $1,000,000 | $500,000 (Dec. 19, 2025); $500,000 (Feb. 19, 2026) |
| Duke Energy Florida Expected utility for the Fort Meade campus; its SB 484 large-load tariff is before the PSC. | Fort Meade campus | $500,000 | $500,000 (June 26, 2025) |
| Ferreira Construction Co. New Jersey firm behind a withdrawn Indiantown data center proposal (Tampa Bay Times, citing TCPalm). | — | $400,000 | $400,000 (June 23, 2026) |
| TECO (filed as TECO Holdings, TECO Energy or “TECO”) Parent of Tampa Electric, which filed a large-load tariff in October 2026 and says it has no large-load customers. | — | $275,000 | $125,000 (Aug. 13, 2025); $150,000 (March 11, 2026) |
| Phillips Infrastructure Corp. Tennessee construction firm whose executives, with Palm Beach Aggregates', formed PBA Holdings, the Project Tango applicant (Tampa Bay Times). | Project Tango | $250,000 | $250,000 (June 26, 2026) |
| Palm Beach Aggregates LLC Rock-mining company beside the Project Tango site; its president, Enrique Tomeu, is president of PBA Holdings. | Project Tango | $100,000 | $100,000 (June 30, 2026) |
| Nelson Ferreira (Ferreira Construction executive) Executive of Ferreira Construction. Shown separately; a person’s gifts are never added to a company’s. | — | $100,000 | $100,000 (Feb. 2, 2026) |
| Timberline Real Estate Partners and affiliated LLCs Texas developer of Sentinel Grove (“Project Jarvis”), a 1 GW campus in St. Lucie County, withdrawn. | Sentinel Grove Technology Park | $31,000 | $7,000 (June 17, 2026); 8 × $3,000 (June 30, 2026, campaign) |
| Fort Meade LLC Shares a Bethesda, Md., address with Stonebridge, developer of the Fort Meade campus (Tampa Bay Times). | Fort Meade campus | $10,000 | $10,000 (June 30, 2026) |
Held out. Moss & Associates, a Fort Lauderdale general contractor, gave Donalds’ committee $75,000 ($25,000 (Sept. 25, 2025); $50,000 (Sept. 30, 2026)). No Florida data center work by Moss was found, so it is not counted here. Ferreira Construction’s $465,000 in Florida contributions includes one $25,000 gift filed under the name “FERREIRA” only, at the company’s address.
Outside spending, reported, not in these totals. Leading the Future, a pro-AI super PAC backed by Andreessen Horowitz’s founders and OpenAI’s Greg Brockman, pledged about $5 million to support Donalds (NBC News). It gave $3 million on March 4, 2026, to American Mission Florida, a state committee chaired by Sarasota County Property Appraiser Bill Furst, which put about $2 million into pro-Donalds ads (Suncoast Searchlight, April 19, 2026). Independent spending is never added to direct contributions.
The same donors, across Florida politics
| NextEra Energy Capital Holdings | Project backer or utility | 223 | $6,740,500 | $1,000,000 |
| NextEra Energy political action committees | Project backer or utility | 40 | $49,000 | $0 |
| Florida Power & Light | Project backer or utility | 38 | $643,342.18 | $0 |
| Duke Energy Florida | Project backer or utility | 83 | $4,318,065.32 | $500,000 |
| Duke Energy (filed as “Duke Energy” or Duke Energy Corporation) | Project backer or utility | 33 | $1,664,131.72 | $0 |
| Duke Energy political action committees | Project backer or utility | 65 | $96,000 | $0 |
| TECO (filed as TECO Holdings, TECO Energy or “TECO”) | Project backer or utility | 96 | $5,006,404.85 | $275,000 |
| Phillips Infrastructure Corp. | Project backer or utility | 48 | $1,247,684 | $250,000 |
| Palm Beach Aggregates LLC | Project backer or utility | 15 | $397,000 | $100,000 |
| PBA Holdings, Inc. | Project backer or utility | 2 | $0 | $0 |
| Ferreira Construction Co. | Project backer or utility | 4 | $465,000 | $400,000 |
| Nelson Ferreira (Ferreira Construction executive) | Project backer or utility | 2 | $105,000 | $100,000 |
| Timberline Real Estate Partners and affiliated LLCs | Project backer or utility | 23 | $204,000 | $31,000 |
| Fort Meade LLC | Project backer or utility | 2 | $41,500 | $10,000 |
| Titan America (filed as “Titan American”) | Builder or materials (no Florida data center contract documented) | 1 | $15,000 | $0 |
| Vulcan Materials Company PAC | Builder or materials (no Florida data center contract documented) | 1 | $5,000 | $0 |
| DPR Construction | Builder or materials (no Florida data center contract documented) | 3 | $13,150 | $0 |
| Moss & Associates | Held out (no data center work documented) | 81 | $582,738.42 | $75,000 |
Florida Division of Elections contributor searches. Each donor is matched by exact name patterns; every matched row is listed on the records page. Different donors are never combined, and a person’s gifts are never added to a company’s. Totals include in-kind contributions and are net of refunds and negative entries as filed. NextEra Energy Capital Holdings: The raw search lists two pairs of identical rows (same recipient, date and amount: $100,000 on Feb. 18, 2025, and $2,500 on Dec. 17, 2025). They are counted as filed; whether each is two gifts or a duplicate in the export has not been checked against the recipients’ reports. Phillips Infrastructure Corp.: Includes one $3,000 contribution to Uthmeier filed as “Phillips Infrastructure Holdings”, the company’s name before October 2025, and one $4,000 contribution to Friends of Marci Woodward filed as “PHILLIPS INFRASTRUCTURE CORP EMILY” (as filed). Phillips and Jordan, Inc., a Phillips subsidiary, also gave Uthmeier $3,000 on March 11, 2025; it is a separate company and is not counted. Ferreira Construction Co.: One $25,000 contribution to Friends of Blaise Ingoglia was filed under the name “FERREIRA” only, at 31 Tannery Road, the company’s address; it is counted with the company and labeled as filed.
Searched with no contributions found, Jan. 1, 2025 – Oct. 16, 2026: Black & Veatch, CyrusOne, Deltona Corp., Digital Realty, Equinix, Holder Construction, Martin Marietta, OpenAI, QTS, Rosendin, Turner Construction, WPB Logistics.
Commissioners denied Project Tango’s expansion 5-1. Twelve weeks later, county staff approved 698,000 sq ft of data center space on the same site, within its existing approval.
On July 15, 2026, the Palm Beach County Commission denied the 3.59 million sq ft plan for Project Tango, an AI data center and warehouse campus on 202 acres beside Florida Power & Light’s West County Energy Center near Loxahatchee. On Oct. 7, the county’s Development Review Officer approved a 2.02 million sq ft plan for the site, an administrative decision with no public hearing. It allows three data center buildings with 698,000 sq ft of data center space plus 54,000 sq ft of accessory office, up from 200,000 sq ft of data center space previously approved. The plan stays within the 2.02 million sq ft master plan commissioners approved in January 2025, and the July 15 staff report listed it as a pending application; CBS12 reported in September that a smaller plan remained approved. SignalData found no news coverage of the Oct. 7 decision itself. (Palm Beach County, July 15, 2026; Palm Beach County Zoning Division, Oct. 7, 2026; Palm Beach County Zoning Division, July 15, 2026; CBS12 (WPEC), Sept. 24, 2026)
| Plan | Data center, incl. accessory office (sq ft) | Warehouse (sq ft) | Utility (sq ft) | Total (sq ft) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 approval, as amended in 2025 | 206,000 (200,000 + 6,000 office) | 1,200,000 | — | 2,020,000 cap | Approved (Jan. 30, 2025: R-2025-0122, R-2025-0123) |
| Tango as filed, DOA/ZV-2025-01602 | 1,792,000 | 1,900,000 | — | 3,692,000 | Certified Nov. 4, 2025; revised |
| Tango as revised, Apr. 27, 2026 | 1,032,000 | 2,346,564 | 216,000 | 3,594,564 | Denied 5-1, July 15, 2026 (R-2026-0860, without prejudice) |
| DRO-2026-00966 | 752,000 (698,000 + 54,000 office) | 1,200,000 | 68,000 | 2,020,000 | Approved by staff, Oct. 7, 2026 |
| ABN/DRO-2026-01058 (WPB Logistics) | Would replace the 1.2 million sq ft of warehouse with four data center buildings and a water treatment plant | Pending | |||
Building by building, from the staff report’s description of the plan: two buildings of 306,000 sq ft (288,000 data center + 18,000 office each) and one of 140,000 sq ft (122,000 data center + 18,000 office), plus a 68,000 sq ft utility building and a 1.2 million sq ft warehouse. The earlier approval had two 100,000 sq ft data center buildings and a 6,000 sq ft office. The approval letter numbers the application DRO-2026-00966; the July staff report prints DRO-2025-00966. Oct. 7 conditions: data center buildings at least 850 feet from the east property line (the Arden side); noise monitoring at three or more stations; lithium iron phosphate batteries; county water capped at 100,000 gallons a day for the whole site; cooling water routed to an industrial treatment plant.
The name. “Project Tango” is a code name from the Business Development Board of Palm Beach County, used to keep the prospective tenant confidential under Florida’s economic-development public-records exemption. No tenant has been named; project manager Ernie Cox has said confidentiality agreements keep him from identifying it. (Stet News, Dec. 4, 2025; Stet News, March 2, 2026; WLRN, Oct. 1, 2026)
Timeline, newest first
- Oct. 9, 2026 PBA Holdings sues the county to force the special-magistrate hearing, claiming Commissioner Maria Sachs prejudged the vote. (The Palm Beach Post (syndicated), Oct. 13, 2026)
- Oct. 7, 2026 County staff administratively approve DRO-2026-00966: 2.02 million sq ft within the existing master plan, including 698,000 sq ft of data center space plus accessory office, with no public hearing. (Palm Beach County Zoning Division, Oct. 7, 2026)
- Sept. 24, 2026 County adopts a one-year moratorium on data centers of 50 MW or more, 6-0; applications already deemed sufficient proceed. (CBS12 (WPEC), Sept. 24, 2026)
- Aug. 6, 2026 PBA Holdings sues WPB Logistics and its attorneys. (Stet News, Aug. 16, 2026)
- Aug. 5, 2026 PBA Holdings asks for a special magistrate under s. 70.51, Florida Statutes, proposing former Justice Alan Lawson. (Stet News, Aug. 16, 2026)
- July 15, 2026 County commission denies the plan 5-1 after a 12-hour hearing (Marino voting no on denial; Baxter recused). (Palm Beach County, July 15, 2026; WLRN, July 16, 2026; WFLX, July 17, 2026)
- July 14, 2026 Judge Darren Shull denies WPB Logistics' request to block the hearing. (WLRN (Stet News), July 14, 2026)
- July 2, 2026 Zoning Commission recommends denial. (WLRN, July 2, 2026; Stet News, July 3, 2026)
- June 5, 2026 WPB Logistics sues PBA Holdings (case 50-2026-CA-006330). (WLRN (Stet News), June 16, 2026)
- April 27, 2026 Revised plan filed: 1.032 million sq ft data center, 2.35 million sq ft warehouse, 216,000 sq ft utility. WPB Logistics files a rival plan the same day. (Palm Beach County Zoning Division, July 15, 2026; Stet News, May 7, 2026)
- April 7, 2026 Town of Loxahatchee Groves adopts a resolution opposing the project. (Town of Loxahatchee Groves, filed with Palm Beach County, April 7, 2026)
- Feb. 25, 2026 About 400 people attend Commissioner Sara Baxter's town hall; she announces her opposition and the developer announces a scaled-back plan. (Stet News, March 2, 2026)
- Dec. 10, 2025 County commission postpones the hearing, 7-0. (WLRN, Dec. 10, 2025)
- Dec. 4, 2025 Zoning Commission recommends approval, 7-2. (DatacenterDynamics, Dec. 8, 2025; Florida Phoenix (commentary), Jan. 1, 2026)
- Nov. 4, 2025 Application DOA/ZV-2025-01602 certified: 1.9 million sq ft of warehouse and 1.792 million sq ft of data center. (Palm Beach County Zoning Division, July 15, 2026)
- Jan. 30, 2025 Commissioners approve a 64.46-acre expansion of the site (R-2025-0122, R-2025-0123). (Palm Beach County Zoning Division, July 15, 2026)
- Feb. 2023 WPB Logistics buys about 60 acres of the site for $36 million. (Stet News, May 7, 2026)
- April 28, 2016 County approves the first plan for the site, changing land use from rural residential to Economic Development Center. (Palm Beach County Zoning Division, July 15, 2026; Florida Trend, Oct. 26, 2016)
The applicant is the former Palm Beach Aggregates, led by Enrique Tomeu, with officers from a Tennessee construction firm.
| Entity | Sunbiz no. | People of record | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBA Holdings, Inc. | V72591 | Enrique A. Tomeu (president, director); W. Phillips Jr. (vice president); J. Patrick McMullen (secretary, treasurer, director, Knoxville); Michael S. Klein (director, Seattle); Peter Grossman (director, c/o Ogden Cap Properties); Albert Moragues (assistant secretary) | Formed Oct. 17, 1992; renamed from Palm Beach Aggregates, Inc. on July 16, 2009 |
| Palm Beach Aggregates, LLC | L09000059773 | Enrique Tomeu, Mehdi Hendi, Alberto Moragues | Limerock mine beside the site |
| Palm Beach Aggregates Water Resources, LLC | L24000488070 | Enrique Tomeu (manager) | Formed Nov. 20, 2024; purpose not stated |
| WPB Logistics Owner, LLC | M23000002111 | J. Bradford Smith, James Hanna, Matthew Prince, Nathan Pramik (Atlanta) | Delaware company; backed by TPA Group; owns about 60 acres of the site and is in litigation with PBA |
The Tampa Bay Times reports that executives of Phillips Infrastructure Corp. and Palm Beach Aggregates formed PBA Holdings. Jason Garcia’s Seeking Rents describes PBA Holdings as a joint venture of Palm Beach Aggregates and Phillips; Commercial Observer lists TPA Group, Phillips, Ogden Cap and Palm Beach Aggregates as partners. Ownership shares are not public. Ernie Cox, the project manager, is not an officer of record. (Tampa Bay Times (syndicated by Tribune Content Agency), Aug. 1, 2026; Seeking Rents, Feb. 1, 2026; Commercial Observer, July 10, 2026; Florida Division of Corporations (Sunbiz), Oct. 17, 2026)
The applicant’s team
- Ernie Cox, project manager; registered state lobbyist for PBA Holdings and Palm Beach Aggregates (Family Lands Remembered LLC, from March 30, 2026). (Florida Lobbyist Registration Office, Oct. 17, 2026)
- Brian Seymour (Gunster), hearing attorney. Gunster announced him as chairman of the Business Development Board of Palm Beach County in 2023; whether he held a board role during Tango is not established. (Gunster (press release), Sept. 14, 2023; WLRN, Oct. 1, 2026)
- Joe Verdone and Lindsey Libes (Carlton Fields), agent of record; Doug Murray (WGI), planning; Ethan Loeb, special-magistrate request. Consultants: Pinder Troutman (traffic), Jacobs (water estimates), Norm Bronner (acoustics), Johnathon Cagle-Grove (battery fire study). (Palm Beach County Zoning Division, July 15, 2026; Stet News, Aug. 16, 2026)
- WPB Logistics: Urban Design Studio (Joni Brinkman, Shayne Broadnix), planning; Tara Duhy and Cecilia Quinn, attorneys. (Palm Beach County Zoning Division, May 21, 2026; WLRN (Stet News), June 16, 2026)
Registered to lobby the state, 2026
| Principal (client) | Lobbyists | Firms (lobbyists) |
|---|---|---|
| PBA Holdings, Inc. | 2 | Capital City Consulting LLC (Nicholas Iarossi); Family Lands Remembered LLC (Ernest Cox) |
| Palm Beach Aggregates, LLC | 11 | Ballard Partners (Bradley Burleson, Brian Ballard); Family Lands Remembered LLC (Ernest Cox); Flagler Strategies LLC (Michael Cantens); The P5 Group LLC (Ken Pruitt); The Southern Group (Anna DeCerchio, David Browning, James Smith, Mercer Fearington, Nicole Kelly, Thomas Rogers) |
| Phillips Infrastructure Corp. | 5 | The Southern Group (Anna DeCerchio, David Browning, James Smith, Mercer Fearington, Thomas Rogers) |
| Timberline Real Estate Partners | 3 | The Southern Group (Brian Bautista, David Browning, Thomas Rogers) |
| Fort Meade, LLC | 3 | The Southern Group (Christopher Dudley, David Shepp, Seth McKeel) |
| Stonebridge Associates, Inc. | 3 | The Southern Group (Christopher Dudley, David Shepp, Seth McKeel) |
| DC Blox | 2 | Rubin, Turnbull & Associates (Heather Turnbull, Zachary Hubbard) |
Active 2026 registrations only, legislative or executive; registrations withdrawn before Oct. 17, 2026 are left out (they are in the records CSV).
Florida Lobbyist Registration Office, legislative and executive registrations, downloaded Oct. 17, 2026. WLRN reported that at least four lobbyists for Tomeu met county commissioners 22 times over two years, and that Palm Beach Aggregates paid up to $40,000 to three Tallahassee firms in 2026. Jason Garcia reported that PBA lobbied for the state’s data center sales-tax exemption in 2017 and 2021. (WLRN, Oct. 1, 2026; Seeking Rents, Feb. 1, 2026) County lobbyist logs have not been obtained.
Money to county commissioners’ committees
| Committee | Donor | Amount | Date | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Friends of Sara Baxter | PBA Holdings, Inc. | $10,000 | Nov. 19, 2025 | Contribution |
| Friends of Sara Baxter | PBA Holdings, Inc. | −$10,000 | April 15, 2026 | Refund to donor |
| Friends of Marci Woodward | Phillips Infrastructure Corp. | $1,000 | Sept. 2, 2025 | Contribution |
| Friends of Marci Woodward | Phillips Infrastructure Corp. | $4,000 | Sept. 4, 2025 | Contribution |
| Friends of Marci Woodward | Palm Beach Aggregates LLC | $5,000 | Aug. 22, 2025 | Contribution |
| Friends of Erica Whitfield | Palm Beach Aggregates LLC | $5,000 | Sept. 29, 2025 | Contribution |
FL Division of Elections. Baxter recused from the July 15 vote and returned the PBA Holdings check; WLRN reports she kept a $1,000 contribution from Tomeu, PBA Holdings’ president. Woodward voted to deny. WLRN describes Whitfield as an incoming commissioner. No state-committee gifts from these donors were found to Commissioners Marino, Weiss, Sachs, Flores or Powell; their county campaign accounts, filed with the Supervisor of Elections, have not been checked. (WLRN, Oct. 1, 2026)
Florida exempts large data centers from sales tax through 2037. Since July 1, it makes them pay the full cost of their power.
- Covers
- Data center equipment, construction, cooling, backup power and electricity used at the site
- Threshold
- $150 million in cumulative investment and at least 100 MW of critical IT load within five years
- 2025 change
- HB 7031 (signed June 30, 2025; effective Aug. 1, 2025) raised the threshold from 15 MW to 100 MW and moved the application deadline from June 30, 2027, to June 30, 2037
- Cost
- No state revenue estimate found; a state estimating conference took up the deadline extension on Apr. 30, 2025
- Sponsor
- Sen. Bryan Avila, now Donalds’ running mate
- Votes
- Senate 37-0 (Feb. 26); House 92-16 (Mar. 11); Senate concurrence 31-6 (Mar. 13)
- Signed
- May 7, 2026; effective July 1, 2026
- Does
- Large-load customers pay their full cost of service, with tariffs due Oct. 1, 2026; local governments keep zoning power, including denial; a separate water-permit track, with reclaimed water allowed as a condition; deals disclosed after the confidentiality period; no service to data centers controlled by foreign countries of concern; an OPPAGA impact study
| Utility | Docket | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Florida Power & Light | 20250011-EI | Rate settlement approved unanimously Nov. 20, 2025 (+$6.9 billion over four years). Large-load tariffs LLCS-1 (50 MW+, capped at 3 GW in zones in Martin, St. Lucie and Palm Beach counties) and LLCS-2: 20-year minimum, 70% take-or-pay, exit fee, collateral. FPL told regulators in October 2026 that its rates comply with SB 484. (E&E News, Nov. 21, 2025; Florida Power & Light, undated; WUSF, Oct. 4, 2026) |
| Duke Energy Florida | 20250113-EI; 20260064-EI | Earlier large-load tariff suspended Oct. 14, 2025. SB 484 tariff filed Apr. 22, 2026; motion to dismiss denied July 28; hearing Aug. 25–26, 2026; no final order found. (Florida Public Service Commission, Oct. 14, 2025; Florida Public Service Commission, July 28, 2026; Hoodline, July 9, 2026) |
| Tampa Electric | Not found | Tariff filed about Oct. 1, 2026; the utility says it has no large-load customers. (FOX 13 Tampa Bay, Oct. 2, 2026) |
| JEA (city-owned) | — | A 50 MW-plus rate class is in development through 2027. (News4JAX, Oct. 7, 2026) |
NextEra raised its forecast of large-load demand at FPL to 8 GW by 2032. (DatacenterDynamics, July 28, 2026)
Power and water decide which projects move. No Florida AI campus has a named general contractor.
The documented supply chain is short: landowners, utilities, a few consultants and one general contractor, Brasfield & Gorrie, on Iron Mountain’s 16 MW Miami building. National data center builders and equipment makers lobby and give in Florida, but no Florida AI campus contract by them is documented. SB 484 puts substations and new generation on the developer, where the national transformer and turbine backlog bites. Every Polk County project waits on a Southwest Florida Water Management District board vote.
| Tier | Firm | Role | Florida project | Evidence | Florida political contributions, Jan. 2025 – Oct. 16, 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land + materials | Palm Beach Aggregates (Fla.) | Limerock mine; landowner side of Tango | Project Tango | Documented | $397,000 |
| Land + construction | Phillips Infrastructure / Phillips Heavy, formerly Phillips & Jordan (Knoxville, Tenn.) | Executives in PBA Holdings; contractor on the Southland mine-to-reservoir project, where Cox consults | Project Tango | Documented | $1,247,684 |
| Land | WPB Logistics / TPA Group (Atlanta) | Owns about 60 acres of the Tango site; rival data center plan | Project Tango | Documented | None found |
| Land | Timberline Real Estate Partners (Texas) | Developer | Sentinel Grove | Documented | $204,000 |
| Land | Stonebridge (Bethesda, Md.) | Developer | Fort Meade | Documented | No search run under its own name |
| Land | Fort Meade LLC (shares Stonebridge’s address) | Related company | Fort Meade | Documented | $41,500 |
| Land / construction | Ferreira Construction (N.J.) | Proposer | Indiantown (withdrawn) | Reported (Tampa Bay Times, citing TCPalm) | $465,000 company; $105,000 executive |
| Economic development | Business Development Board of Palm Beach County | Named Tango; brought the tenant; confidentiality agreements | Project Tango | Documented | — |
| Power | Florida Power & Light / NextEra (Juno Beach, Fla.) | Power agreement claimed with Tango; 3,750 MW West County Energy Center next door; land-banked Tesoro Groves | Tango; Indiantown | Documented (applicant claim) | $6,740,500 NextEra; $643,342.18 FPL |
| Power | Duke Energy Florida | Expected Fort Meade supplier; large-load tariff | Fort Meade | Reported | $4,318,065.32 Duke Energy Florida; $1,664,131.72 filed as Duke Energy or Duke Energy Corporation |
| Power | Tampa Electric / TECO (Tampa) | Large-load tariff filed; no customers | None | Documented | $5,006,404.85 |
| Power plant builder | Black & Veatch (Kan.); Mitsubishi turbines | Built West County Energy Center Unit 3 and its reclaimed-water cooling | Next to Tango (indirect) | Documented (company page) | None found |
| Build | Brasfield & Gorrie (Ala.) | General contractor | Iron Mountain MIA-1, Miami (16 MW) | Documented | Not checked |
| Build | DPR, Turner, Holder, Hensel Phelps, Clayco, Burns & McDonnell, Kimley-Horn | National data center builders and designers | None documented in Florida | Industry-general | DPR $13,150; Hensel Phelps $550; Burns & McDonnell $300; Turner, Holder: none found |
| Electrical / mechanical | Rosendin, Cupertino, Faith, IES, Comfort Systems, EMCOR | Data center trades | None documented in Florida | Industry-general | Rosendin: none found |
| Equipment | Siemens Energy (U.S. headquarters moving to Lake Nona) | Expanding its Tampa turbine-blade plant and Orlando research center, citing AI demand | Florida factory, no campus | Documented (factory) | Not checked |
| Equipment | Central Moloney | $20 million distribution-transformer plant in Bay County | Florida factory, no campus | Documented (2022) | Not checked |
| Equipment | Vertiv, Schneider, Eaton, GE Vernova, Hitachi Energy, Caterpillar, Cummins, Bloom Energy | Switchgear, transformers, turbines, generators, fuel cells | None documented in Florida | Industry-general | Not checked |
| Materials | Titan America (Pennsuco cement, Medley) | Cement, aggregates, ready-mix | None documented | Industry-general | $15,000 |
| Materials | Vulcan, Cemex, Martin Marietta | Aggregates, cement | None documented | Industry-general | Vulcan PAC $5,000; Cemex companies $94,000; Cemex employees PAC $48,500; Martin Marietta: none found |
| Water | Palm Beach County Water Utilities; SFWMD; SWFWMD; Fort Meade and Haines City utilities | Potable and reclaimed water; permits | Tango (100,000 gal/day cap); Fort Meade and Haines City (permits) | Documented | Public agencies |
| Fiber | Equinix MI1 / NAP of the Americas; Telxius and Globenet (Boca Raton landings); DC Blox (Palm Coast) | Interconnection; subsea cable landings | Miami, Boca Raton, Palm Coast | Documented | Equinix: none found |
Contributions: FL Division of Elections contributor searches, all recipients, matched by exact name; companies, committees and executives separate. Sources for each role: Stet News, Dec. 4, 2025; Stet News, May 7, 2026; Black & Veatch (project page), undated; DatacenterDynamics, Aug. 8, 2025; Power Engineering, Feb. 3, 2026; Area Development, Jan. 13, 2022; MarketBeat, July 28, 2026; The Coastal Star, Dec. 3, 2025; Data Center Knowledge, Aug. 20, 2018; FlaglerLive, March 26, 2026; WLRN (Stet News), May 27, 2025; Business Wire (press release), Oct. 9, 2025.
Technology, utility and materials companies registered to lobby the state, 2026
| Principal (client) | Lobbyists | Firms (lobbyists) |
|---|---|---|
| Florida Power & Light Company | 32 | Ballard Partners (Adrian Lukis, Brady Benford, Brian Ballard, Dane Eagle); Capital City Consulting LLC (Christopher Schoonover, Nicholas Iarossi, Scott Ross); Corcoran Partners (Andrea Tovar, Michael Corcoran, Robert Blair, Will Rodriguez); Crisafulli Consulting, LLC (Steve Crisafulli); Greenberg Traurig PA (Fred Karlinsky); Johnson & Blanton (Jon Johnson, Travis Blanton); Jones Walker LLP (H. Brown); Pittman Law Group PL (Sean Pittman); Ramba Consulting Group LLC (Allison Carvajal, David Ramba); Ronald L. Book PA (Ronald Book); Rubin, Turnbull & Associates (Heather Turnbull, Kevin Comerer, William Rubin); Screven Watson & Associates, LLC (Screven Watson); Shumaker Advisors Florida, LLC (Alan Suskey); TSE Consulting (Candice Ericks, Robert Holroyd); The Mayernick Group LLC (Frank Mayernick, Robert Johnson, Tracy Mayernick); Tripp Scott PA (Christopher Smith); Whitis Consulting LLC (Derek Whitis) |
| Duke Energy | 14 | ADF Consulting LLC (Andreina Figueroa); Black Consulting, LLC (Gregory Black); Coker Consulting LLC (Christopher Coker); Converge Government Affairs of Florida, Inc. (Carlos Cruz); Floridian Partners LLC (Jorge Chamizo, Melissa Ramba); SBM Partners, Inc. (David Daniel, Jeff Hartley); Sunrise Consulting Group (Shawn Foster, Wallace McGee); The Advocacy Partners (Slater Bayliss, Stephen Shiver); The Legis Group (Douglas Holder, Robert Schenck) |
| Tampa Electric / TECO Energy | 27 | Ausley & McMullen PA (J. Wahlen); Becker & Poliakoff PA (Yolanda Jackson); Heffley & Associates (Kelly Horton, Richard Heffley); Johnston & Stewart Government Strategies, LLC (Amanda Stewart, Anita Berry, Jeffrey Johnston, Ryan Patmintra); Oak Strategies LLC (Robert Bradley, Ryun Williamson, Sydney Fowler, William Cummings); RSA Consulting Group LLC (Matthew Herndon, Ronald Pierce); The Advocacy Partners (Christopher Chaney, Jeffrey Woodburn, Sarah Suskey, Slater Bayliss, Stephen Shiver, Steven Schale); The Southern Group (Brian Bautista, Christopher Dudley, David Browning, James Smith, Nicole Kelly, Rachel Cone, Sydney Ridley) |
| OpenAI | 5 | The Southern Group (Brian Bautista, Brian McManus, Christopher Dudley, James Smith, Nicole Kelly) |
| Anthropic, PBC | 4 | Capital City Consulting LLC (Caroline Frasier, Christopher Schoonover, Kaley Flynn, Nicholas Iarossi) |
| xAI | 1 | Capitol Alliance Group (Jeffrey Sharkey) |
| Meta Platforms | 16 | Ballard Partners (Adrian Lukis, Bradley Burleson, Brian Ballard, Scott Wagner); Capital City Consulting LLC (Caroline Frasier, Christopher Schoonover, Kaley Flynn, Nicholas Iarossi); GrayRobinson PA (Carlecia Collins, Christopher Carmody, George Levesque, Jason Unger, Joseph Salzverg, Kylee Bo, Robert Stuart, Roy Cannon) |
| Amazon | 8 | Ballard Partners (Abigail Vail, Brian Ballard, Carol Bracy, Courtney Coppola); Capital City Consulting LLC (Christopher Schoonover, Joseph Mongiovi, Kenneth Granger, Nicholas Iarossi) |
| 9 | Adams St. Advocates (Claudia Davant); Continental Strategy (Brandi Gunder, James Card); Jones Walker LLP (Christopher Moya); LSN Partners, LLC (Cissy Proctor); Rubin, Turnbull & Associates (Erica Chanti, Heather Turnbull, William Rubin, Zachary Hubbard) | |
| Microsoft | 11 | Lisa Aaron Consulting (Lisa Aaron); Metz Husband & Daughton PA (Aimee Lyon, Allison Liby-Schoonover, Andrew Palmer, Douglas Bell, James Daughton, Karl Rasmussen, Leslie Dughi); SBM Partners, Inc. (David Daniel, Jeff Hartley, Lisa Hurley); Technology Advocates LLC (David Daniel, Jeff Hartley, Lisa Hurley) |
| Equinix | 3 | Ballard Partners (Adrian Lukis, Brian Ballard); Velocity Advisors Group (Jeremy Ring) |
| TechNet | 5 | The Advocacy Partners (Christopher Chaney, Sarah Suskey, Slater Bayliss, Stephen Shiver, Steven Schale) |
| Titan America | 2 | Ballard Partners (Brian Ballard, Jose Diaz) |
| Cemex Construction Materials Florida | 4 | CCC Miami (Miguel Abad); Capital City Consulting LLC (Megan Fay, Ronald LaFace); SBM Partners, Inc. (Kevin Cleary) |
| Vulcan Materials Company | 3 | The Florida Group (Davis Bean, Joe Mobley, T. Fiorentino) |
| Kiewit Corporation | 1 | The Labrador Company Inc (Brecht Heuchan) |
| JW Turner Construction | 3 | Allegiant Strategies Group (Benjamin Melnick, David Clark, Katie Parrish) |
Active 2026 registrations only, legislative or executive; registrations withdrawn before Oct. 17, 2026 are left out (they are in the records CSV).
Registrations name the client, not the bill, so they do not show who lobbied on SB 484. No 2026 registrations were found for the Data Center Coalition, CyrusOne, QTS, Digital Realty, Switch or Martin Marietta. Florida Lobbyist Registration Office, Oct. 17, 2026.
Who took money from these project backers and utilities, and who didn’t.
Method: the contributor searches cover every Florida candidate and committee account, so a $0 card means none of the listed donors’ matched names gave to that candidate’s accounts from Jan. 1, 2025, to Oct. 16, 2026. Listed donors: the utilities and project backers in Chapter 1.
Totals. Donalds $2,666,000; Ingoglia $167,071.03; Uthmeier $11,674.13. Separate contributions to separate recipients; no account is counted twice.
| Candidate | Position | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Byron Donalds (R), governor | In June 2025 called data centers and power critical to Florida’s future. Now favors slowing growth but opposes a statewide moratorium; says state law keeps utility bills from rising. Voted in May 2025 for the House version of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which held a 10-year limit on state AI regulation later stripped by the Senate; says he disagreed with that provision. Introduced H.R. 9777, the Protecting Ratepayers Act, on July 20, 2026: data centers would draw energy and water from sources off the grid and public systems. Running mate Bryan Avila sponsored SB 484. Denies being influenced by any industry. | WUSF, July 24, 2026; Florida Phoenix via WUSF, Sept. 16, 2026; The Lobby News (bill tracker), July 20, 2026; WLRN, Aug. 25, 2026 |
| David Jolly (D), governor | Pledges a one-year statewide moratorium on day one; calls SB 484 a good first start after years of tax breaks and secrecy. | Florida Phoenix via WUSF, Sept. 16, 2026; Hoodline, Sept. 15, 2026 |
| Blaise Ingoglia (R), CFO | Says large-scale data centers don’t belong in Florida, through his campaign manager. | Tampa Bay Times (syndicated by Tribune Content Agency), Aug. 1, 2026 |
| Ron DeSantis (R), outgoing governor | Proposed an AI “bill of rights” with no cost-shifting to ratepayers and no subsidies (December 2025); signed SB 484. Also signed HB 7031 (2025), which extended the data center tax exemption to 2037. | E&E News, Dec. 8, 2025; Executive Office of the Governor, May 7, 2026; Holland & Knight, July 14, 2025 |
Positions of the other statewide candidates on data centers have not been collected. Polling: 68% would oppose an AI data center in their area (University of North Florida); 49% oppose and 40% support data center investment statewide (James Madison Institute), both as reported by the Florida Phoenix. (Florida Phoenix via WUSF, Sept. 16, 2026)
Every card carries its source and its limits.
Responses and open questions
- Ernie Cox told WLRN the project followed every transparency requirement. A spokesperson for FPL told the Tampa Bay Times that the Indiantown rezoning approved no specific project and that a data center there would pay 100% of new generation costs. Ingoglia’s campaign pointed to his statements against large data centers. Uthmeier’s campaign said it appreciates support from anyone who wants him to keep working as attorney general. Phillips, Palm Beach Aggregates, Ferreira, Timberline and Stonebridge did not respond to the Times. (WLRN, Oct. 1, 2026; Tampa Bay Times (syndicated by Tribune Content Agency), Aug. 1, 2026)
- SignalData is asking Palm Beach County about the Oct. 7 approval and will seek comment from the Donalds, Jolly, Ingoglia and Uthmeier campaigns, PBA Holdings, Phillips, Palm Beach Aggregates, WPB Logistics, NextEra/FPL, Duke, TECO, Ferreira, Timberline, Stonebridge and the Business Development Board before this File leaves preview. Responses will be added here, dated.
- Still to obtain: contributions filed after Oct. 16; Donalds’ federal committee receipts from utilities and technology companies; who controls the Honest Leadership and People for Honor Project committees; county lobbyist logs and commissioners’ county campaign reports; lobbying compensation reports; the FPL power agreement and contracted MW; Business Development Board confidentiality records; the Oct. 9 complaint and the county’s response; whether the Oct. 7 approval can be appealed; the July 15 minutes; Department of Revenue exemption-certificate holders and a state cost estimate; Sunbiz records for Fort Meade LLC and Silver Fox 606 LLC; water-permit files for Fort Meade and Haines City.
- Where the candidates stand on data center tax breaks and incentives is tracked separately, from their own words and records, on the AI & data centers issue page.